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Fill valves in toilet water tanks are classified as liquid level-actuated valves. Simply put, when the water rises to a calculated level, a device shuts down the valve filling the tank. The process of actuating this valve is very simple compared to other valve actuation, which are used for the automation of industrial valves and found in a variety of technical processes from wastewater treatment, power plants to refineries. Valve automation can differ in design and size, with valve diameters ranging from centimeters to meters.

Actuators are typically connected to the stem of a valve. In response to a signal, valve actuators move a valve to a desired position using an outside power supply. Manual valve actuators typically do not need outside power sources except when they are large and require a lot of torque. They utilize a handwheel to drive gears which supply enough torque to close the valve thoroughly. Electric actuators use single-phase or three-phase AC or DC current to generate the required torque. Pneumatic actuators convert air pressure into rotary or linear motion, while hydraulic actuators do the same only with the fluid pressure of oil or water. These actuators need to have pressurized lines to supply the actuators: an inlet line and an outlet line. Pilot valves in the actuator lines have charge of the air or liquid supply going to the actuators. All of these parts are quickly available through pipe, valve, and fitting (PVF) distributors who specialize in the application of these valves and actuators in various businesses, situations, and environments.

Rotary motion valves such as ball, plug, and butterfly valves rotate from open to close, commonly a quarter-turn or more, it also can involve multiple turns (360

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